Glossary

Aarhus	United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters
AfDB	African Development Bank
ADB	Asian Development Bank
BEE	South Africa’s Black Economic Empowerment scheme
CAP	European Union Common Agricultural Policy
CBD	Convention on Biological Diversity
CDM	Clean Development Mechanism, A mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol through which developed countries may finance greenhouse-gas emission reduction or removal projects in developing countries, and receive credits for doing so which they may apply towards meeting mandatory limits on their own emissions.
CEDAW	UN Convention for the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination Against Women
CENSAT	Centro Nacional de Salud, Ambiente y Trabajo Agua Viva – Amigos de la Tierra Colombia
CER	Certified Emissions Reduction credit issued by the CDM
CIFs	Certificates for Forest Incentives, a Colombian financial mechanism intended to support landowners establishing plantations, by providing subsidies to assist with the cost of establishing and maintaining them.
CIFOR	Center for International Forestry Research
COECO-Ceiba	La Asociación Comunidades Ecologistas la Ceiba, or Friends of the Earth Costa Rica
CONAGEBIO	Costa Rica’s National Commission for the Management of Biodiversity
COP	Conference of the Parties
EU ETS	EU Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading Scheme
FAO	UN Food and Agriculture Organization
FSC	Forest Stewardship Council
FTAs	Free trade agreements
FTAAs	Free Trade Area of the Americas

G77	A coalition of developing nations (actually numbering 130) which promotes members’ interests at the United Nations.
GATS	WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services
GHGs	Greenhouse gases, the atmospheric gases responsible for causing global warming and climate change.
HMH	Hans Merensky Holdings, a South African forestry and timber company
IBRD	International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (part of the World Bank)
IDA	International Development Agency (part of the World Bank)
IDB	InterAmerican Development Bank
IFIs	International Financial Institutions
ILO	International Labor Organization
INBio	Costa Rica’s Institute for National Biodiversity
IPOs	Indigenous Peoples’ Organizations
IPRs	Intellectual property rights
ISO	International Organization for Standardization
IUCN	International Union for Conservation of Nature, or World Conservation Union
JI	Joint Implementation, A mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol through which a developed country can receive “emissions reduction units” when it helps to finance projects that reduce net greenhouse-gas emissions in another developed country (in practice, the recipient state is likely to be a country with an “economy in transition”).
Kyoto Protocol	An international agreement linked to the UNFCCC which, among other things, sets binding targets for the reduction of greenhouse-gas emissions by industrialized countries.
NAFTA	North American Free Trade Agreement
NGOs	Non-Governmental Organizations.
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, an organization of 30 countries, mostly high-income economies. Panchayat   Local self-government bodies in India
PEFC	Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification schemes

PES	Payment for Environmental Services
PROCUENCA	A carbon sink project in Colombia
PCF	Prototype Carbon Fund
REDD	Reducing Emissions from Deforestation in Developing countries
SFP	Singisi Forest Products, a South African timber country, subsidiary of HMP
UNDP	United Nations Development Programme
UNEP	United Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC	United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
WIPO	World Intellectual Property Organization
WTO	World Trade Organization
WWF	WorldWide Fund for Nature