Day of Real Forests

Forests provide sustenance – Pictured here is a scenic native forest in Chanlelfu in the Araucanía Region of Chile. These forests are part of the territory of the Mapuche Indigenous Peoples. The forest is an essential source of sustenance, livelihood, food, medicine, identity, and spirituality for the Mapuche. Photo by: Carolina Lagos, Chile

Forests empower women – These women are processing cloves and coffee. They are indigenous women from Tanah Datar in West Sumatra, Indonesia. These women are part of a women’s group, which sustainably produces coffee and cloves at a small scale, and conserves the health of the forest areas. Such produce provides an important livelihood for these women. The recognition of their customary rights to the land is an important step in conserving forests. Photo by: Chaus Uslaini, Indonesia

Deforestation for palm oil in Peru – Growing commercial demands are putting a huge strain on our forests. Palm oil is one of the worst culprits and a leading driver of deforestation. It is ubiquitous- found in soap, shampoo, chocolate, and so many other consumer products. Huge swathes of forests are being cleared for palm oil plantations. In Indonesia 300 football fields of forest are cleared every hour for palm oil. A large number of species living in these rainforests are becoming threatened. Photo by: Mathias Rittgerott/Rainforest Rescue, Germany

Plantations are not Forests – Monoculture tree plantations like these eucalyptus farms pictured here from South Africa are a big threat to forests and a driver of deforestation. Unlike natural forests which are biodiverse and provide a habitat to a web of life of many species of plants and animals, these monoculture plantations support barely any life. These are typically large-scale intensively managed plantations with endless rows of only one species- mostly exotic fast-growing trees like pine or eucalyptus among others, destined for industrial production of commodities like paper or palm oil. They suck the groundwater up, leaving barely anything for animals and people living nearby. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization considers such plantations to be forests, on a par with real forests (as its definition of forest only considers tree cover and height rather than the other critical functions). But people around the world are demanding that the UN reconsider its definition and stop incentivising commercial plantations which have been expanding rapidly under the guise of “reforestation” and “forest restoration” at the cost of real forests. Photo by Mathias Rittgerott/Rainforest Rescue, Germany

Industrial tree plantations a major factor in unprecedented wildfires in central Portugal – 2017 saw the worst wildfires in Portugal in living memory. More than 100 people died over a fire season that spanned five months, with 6% of the country’s land area burning, and destroying thousands of houses and workplaces. Extreme drought conditions and heatwaves made more severe by climate change, coupled with vast areas of unregulated, highly flammable eucalyptus and pine plantations, turned Portugal into a tinderbox that exploded like never before. Proportionately, Portugal now has more eucalyptus than anywhere else in the world. Photo by: Margus Kurvitis

The destruction caused by the fires in Portugal last year made it even clearer to communities just how quickly and dangerously plantation trees spread fire, whilst native and deciduous trees slow it down. Places that survived the fires, such as the village in this photo, were often surrounded by a protective barrier of native cork oak trees, or other less fire-prone species like chestnuts. As a consequence of this, many places are now digging up eucalyptus trees near villages and replacing them with a diversity of broad-leafed species. Photo credit: Nuno Antunes/Revelamos

“Certified” forest products are not the solution – Pictured here is a “certified” plantation by the company Sappi in South Africa. Such certification schemes were launched in response to people’s growing criticisms of unsustainable forest products. This plantation was certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), a multi- stakeholder body that guarantees responsible management of forests- ensuring that forest products are produced in an environmentally and socially responsible manner. But when FSC ‘certifies’ a forest product it does not mention that the product does not come from an actual conserved forest but from a highly destructive commercial plantation. The remains of this plantation for example show that the topsoil is destroyed. Activists question what will happen to the rest of the forests if such plantations are allowed to spread across the landscape. Many local farmers have had to stop farming because such plantations have depleted water tables. Photo by Wally Menne

Don Pedro Suarez, a Mapuche, observing the deforestation and plantations surrounding his community in the Bio-Bío region of Chile – These are causing biodiversity loss and water shortages making the future uncertain. Along with his community, Don Pedro has been in a long struggle against forestry, pulp and hydropower companies in order to protect their territories, their way of life, and their sacred sites. Photo by: Carolina Lagos, Chile